A person who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often has trouble communicating and interacting with other people; their interests, activities, and play skills may be limited. Occupational therapy may help people with autism develop these skills at home and in school. Occupational therapists (OT) offer a wide range of therapies for individuals with ASD on the basis of specific deficits and difficulties. This chapter explores the role that OT plays, and the expertise, in relation to the interdisciplinary team. In addition, it discusses and presents empirical support for several therapeutic approaches commonly used by OTs working with individuals with ASD. The overall goal of occupational therapy is to help the person with autism improve their quality of life at home and in school. The therapist helps introduce, maintain, and improve skills so that people with autism can be as independent as possibleWhat’s the role of occupational therapy (OT) in treating autism spectrum disorder? Occupational therapists study human growth and development and a person’s interaction with the environment through daily activities. They are experts in the social, emotional, and physiological effects of illness and injury. This knowledge helps them promote skills for independent living in people with autism and other developmental disorders. Occupational therapists work as part of a team that includes parents, teachers, and other professionals. They help set specific goals for the person with autism. These goals often involve social interaction, behavior, and classroom performance. Occupational therapists can help in two main ways: evaluation and therapy. How is occupational therapy useful for evaluation of ASD? The therapist observes children to see if they can do tasks they are expected to do at their ages -- getting dressed or playing a game, for example. Sometimes, the therapist will have the child videotaped during the day in order to see how the child interacts with their environment so that they can better assess the kind of care the child needs. The therapist might note any of the following:

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Attention span and stamina

• Transition to new activities

• Play skills

• Need for personal space

• Responses to touch or other types of stimuli

• Motor skills such as posture, balance, or manipulation of small objects

• Aggression or other types of behaviors

• Interactions between the child and caregivers

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How does occupational therapy help a person with autism spectrum disorder? Once an occupational therapist has gathered information, they can develop a program for your child. There is no single ideal treatment program. But early, structured, individualized care has been shown to work best. Occupational therapy may combine a variety of strategies. These can help your child respond better to their environment. These OT strategies include:

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Physical activities, such as stringing beads or doing puzzles, to help a child develop coordination and body awareness

• Play activities to help with interaction and communication

• Developmental activities, such as brushing teeth and combing hair

• Adaptive strategies, including coping with transitions

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What are the benefits of occupational therapy for ASD?

The overall goal of occupational therapy is to help the person with autism improve their quality of life at home and in school. The therapist helps introduce, maintain, and improve skills so that people with autism can be as independent as possible. These are some of the skills occupational therapy may foster:

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• Daily living skills, such as toilet training, dressing, brushing teeth, and other grooming skills

• Fine motor skills required for holding objects while handwriting or cutting with scissors

• Gross motor skills used for walking, climbing stairs, or riding a bike

• Sitting, posture, or perceptual skills, such as telling the differences between colors, shapes, and sizes

• Awareness of their body and its relation to others

• Visual skills for reading and writing

• Play, coping, self-help, problem solving, communication, and social skills

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By working on these skills during occupational therapy, a child with autism may be able to:

 

• Develop peer and adult relationships

• Learn how to focus on tasks

• Learn how to delay gratification

• Express feelings in more appropriate ways

• Engage in play with peers

• Learn how to self-regulate